Spanish Basics

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Section 1

Greetings & Common Phrases (Frases Comúnes)

When it comes to learning Spanish, there are simply some words and phrases you have to know. If you want to visit our Spanish Hub page, click here.

Hola

Hello

¿Cómo estás?

How are you?

Buenos días

Good morning

Buenas tardes

Good afternoon

Buenas noches

Good night

Hasta luego

Until later

Me llamo…

My name is…

Sí, por favor

Yes, please

No gracias

No thank you

A veces

Sometimes

Nunca

Never

Siempre

Always

🔢

Section 2

Numbers (Números)

Learn how to count in Spanish from 1 to 20:

1

Uno

One

2

Dos

Two

3

Tres

Three

4

Cuatro

Four

5

Cinco

Five

6

Seis

Six

7

Siete

Seven

8

Ocho

Eight

9

Nueve

Nine

10

Diez

Ten

11

Once

Eleven

12

Doce

Twelve

13

Trece

Thirteen

14

Catorce

Fourteen

15

Quince

Fifteen

16

Dieciséis

Sixteen

17

Diecisiete

Seventeen

18

Dieciocho

Eighteen

19

Diecinueve

Nineteen

20

Veinte

Twenty

Ordinal Numbers — In Order (Numérales en Orden)

1stPrimero/a

2ndSegundo/a

3rdTercero/a

4thCuarto/a

5thQuinto/a

6thSexto/a

7thSéptimo/a

8thOctavo/a

9thNoveno/a

10thDécimo/a

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Section 3

Common Verbs (Verbos Comúnes)

Verbs are the engine of every sentence. Here are 12 essential Spanish verbs to get you started:

💬

Hablar

to speak

🍽

Comer

to eat

🥤

Beber

to drink

🔨

Hacer

to do / to make

🚶

Caminar

to walk

👀

Ver

to see / to watch

✨

Ser

to be (permanent)

📍

Estar

to be (temporary)

🤚

Tener

to have

🛍

Comprar

to buy

😴

Dormir

to sleep

💼

Trabajar

to work

🤔 Ser vs. Estar — What's the Difference?
Both mean “to be” in English, but they work very differently in Spanish.
Ser describes permanent or essential qualities: “Yo soy alto.” (I am tall.)
Estar describes temporary states or conditions: “Yo estoy cansado.” (I am tired.)

🎨

Section 4

Colors (Colores)

Rojo

Red

Naranja

Orange

Amarillo

Yellow

Verde

Green

Azul

Blue

Morado

Purple

Negro

Black

Blanco

White

Gris

Gray

Marrón

Brown

Claro

Light

Oscuro

Dark

🧠 Grammar Note — Gender Agreement:
In Spanish, colors must agree in gender with the noun they describe. For example, “blanco” (masculine) becomes “blanca” when describing a feminine noun — like “la casa blanca” (the white house).

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Section 5

Days, Weeks & Months (Días, Semanas y Meses)

📆 Days of the Week

Lunes

Monday

Martes

Tuesday

Miércoles

Wednesday

Jueves

Thursday

Viernes

Friday

Sábado

Saturday

Domingo

Sunday

⏰ Time Words

Día

Day

Semana

Week

Mes

Month

Año

Year

Década

Decade

📅 Months of the Year

Enero

January

Febrero

February

Marzo

March

Abril

April

Mayo

May

Junio

June

Julio

July

Agosto

August

Septiembre

September

Octubre

October

Noviembre

November

Diciembre

December

💡 Latin Roots: Notice how similar the Spanish months are to English! Both languages share Latin roots — so once you learn months in one language, the other comes naturally.

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