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Study the table below to learn the 33 letters of the modern Russian (Cyrillic) alphabet and how each one is pronounced. Most letters have a close English equivalent — and since the alphabet is only 33 letters, it is very learnable!

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Я
Complete Reference
The Russian Alphabet — All 33 Letters
Vowel (10)
Consonant (21)
Special sign (2)
Cyrillic English Equiv. Sound Letter Name
А а
A a Like "a" in far "ah"
Б б
B b Like "b" in boy "beh"
В в
V v Like "v" in very "veh"
Г г
G g Like "g" in go "goh"
Д д
D d Like "d" in dad "deh"
Е е
YE ye Like "ye" in yet "yeh"
Ё ё
YO yo Like "yo" in yoga "yo"
Ж ж
ZH zh Like "s" in pleasure "zheh"
З з
Z z Like "z" in zest "zeh"
И и
EE ee Like "ee" in see "ee"
Й й
I or Y Like "y" in toy "ee kratkoyeh"
К к
K k Like "k" in kitchen "kah"
Л л
L l Like "l" in little "ehl"
М м
M m Like "m" in mouse "ehm"
Н н
N n Like "n" in nice "ehn"
О о
Stressed: O; Unstressed: A Like "o" in sore / "a" in star "oh"
П п
P p Like "p" in pan "peh"
Р р
R r Like "r" in really (rolled) "ehr"
С с
S s Like "s" in salmon "ehs"
Т т
T t Like "t" in tip "teh"
У у
U u Like "oo" in boot "oo"
Ф ф
F f Like "f" in fish "ehf"
Х х
H h / KH kh Like "j" in jalapeño or "ch" in Bach "khah"
Ц ц
TS ts Like "ts" in tsunami "tseh"
Ч ч
CH ch Like "ch" in chop "cheh"
Ш ш
SH sh (hard) Like "sh" in shut "shah"
Щ щ
SH sh (soft) Like "sh" in shelf "schyah"
Ъ ъ
Hard sign Makes the preceding letter harder "tvyordiy znahk"
Ы ы
I i Like "i" in bill "i"
Ь ь
Soft sign Makes the preceding letter softer "myagkeey znahk"
Э э
EH eh Like "e" in set "eh"
Ю ю
YU yu Like "u" in use "yoo"
Я я
YA ya Like "ya" in yacht "yah"
💡 Good news: Most letters of the Russian alphabet already exist in English. Although a few sounds are unique to Russian, with only 33 letters in total, the alphabet is very achievable to master.
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